Tuesday, June 19, 2012

What Is PCOS, Exactly?




In an earlier post, I mentioned Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) as a possible cause of infertility in women. In this post, I'm going to go into a bit more detail about the disorder, what it looks like and how it can be treated.

While its exact causes are not known, most cases of PCOS can be attributed to an imbalance of hormones. In addition to the usual female sex hormones, each woman's ovaries release a small amount of androgens. In PCOS, tiny cysts build up, causing the ovaries to produce more androgen than normal. As you can imagine, the presence of excess male hormones keeps an egg from forming properly and being released. No egg, no period. Or, irregular periods. A disruption in your natural menstrual cycle can make it more difficult to get pregnant. It affects women of childbearing age from pretty much any ethnicity, although some ethnicities show fewer symptoms than others.

I have a friend who was diagnosed with this disorder several years ago, after having gone through test after test, doctor after doctor until she finally found out what was wrong. It's a good thing she found out when she did, because PCOS can lead to issues such as heart disease and Type 2 diabetes if not caught early enough. So you won't have this problem, here are some of the symptoms:
  • New instances of irregular or infrequent periods. I say 'new instances' because some women have irregular periods from the beginning. Examples of problematic periods are having four months or longer between periods, having fewer than eight cycles a year and intervals longer than 35 days. Prolonged periods that are unusually light or heavy can also be a sign.
  • 'Male' characteristics such as excess body hair and pattern baldness
  • Acne as an adult (or, severe acne in teenagers), dandruff or excessively oily skin
  • Obesity or excessive, unexplained weight gain. My friend had a major gain in weight, but she wrote it off as a side effect to one of her other medications. Now, she's not so sure.
  • Sleep apnea (stopping breathing for short periods of time during sleep)

Since PCOS shares symptoms with so many other problems, only your doctor would be able to accurately diagnose you. While there isn't any sort of 'test', they'll usually do a pelvic exam, blood sugar test, hormonal test and/or ultrasound. If your doctor decides you have PCOS rather than another problem, she may decide to treat you using medication or by recommending lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. Weight loss, be it from surgery or from 'the usual ways', goes a long way in helping obese women manage their symptoms. Sometimes your doctor might prescribe birth control pills to help with the irregular cycles, but there are other medications that can be used if you are trying to get pregnant.

While this is a very cursory bit of information regarding PCOS, hopefully I've given you some food for thought for your next doctor visit. If you do end up being diagnosed with PCOS, here are some websites that can give you more information and put you in touch with PCOS support groups.

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